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 Ni100 
 Temperature sensors 

Ni100 temperature sensors are nickel-based RTDs designed for applications requiring good sensitivity over a limited temperature range.

 Maximum precision
±0.15°K

 Minimum temperature
-60°C

 Maximum temperature
+180°C

 Minimum dimensions
1,5 x 5 x15

 Response time
Fast

 Self-heating
Low

 Price
Medium

Drift
Low

What is a Ni100 sensor ?


The Ni100 is a pure nickel resistance probe, with a nominal resistance of 100 Ω at 0 °C.

Its temperature coefficient (α ≈ 0.00618 °C⁻¹) is higher than that of platinum, giving it superior sensitivity to small thermal variations.

It is an excellent compromise between accuracy, cost, and response speed, particularly for air conditioning systems, ventilation, and surface thermal control applications.

Operating principle


The Ni100 sensor operates based on the variation of the resistivity of pure nickel as a function of temperature.

This relationship is nearly linear between −60 °C and +180 °C :

R(T) = R₀ (1 + αT + βT²)

avec :

  • R₀ = 100 Ω

  • α = 6,18 × 10⁻³

  • β = 1,4 × 10⁻⁵

This simplified equation is sufficient for the majority of HVAC and industrial applications.

Technical specifications


Parameter
Typical value
Nominal resistance at 0 °C 100 Ω
Temperature coefficient (α) 0,00618 °C⁻¹
Measurement range −60 °C to +180 °C
Linearity Very good
Element material Platinium pur (99,99 %)
Typical measuring current 0,1 to 0,5 mA
Response time 0,3 s (Ø3 mm)
 Long-term drift < 0,1 °C/year

Wiring Configuration


Type
Description

Precision

2-wire

Sufficient for short distances.

✅ Good

3-wire

Compensate for the losses in the cable.

🏆 Excellent

4-wire

Useless in the majority of cases.

💡 Very precise

Self-heating


The Ni100 generates a moderate voltage for a low current (0.1–0.3 mA), keeping self-heating below 0.05 °C.

Application areas


🌡️ HVAC and climate control

⚙️ Industrial thermal regulation systems

🧊 Surface or liquid temperature monitoring

🚗 Low-cost embedded measurements

🧰 General laboratory devices


Should I choose a Ni100 sensor ?

Strengths points

  • ⚡ High sensitivity
    → The Ni100 has a temperature coefficient (α ≈ 0.00618 °C⁻¹) higher than that of platinum, providing better detection of small thermal deviations.
  • 💶 Excellent value for money
    →It is one of the most economical RTD sensors, ideal for HVAC systems, thermal monitoring, and consumer applications.
  • ⏱️ Quick response time
    → Thanks to its low thermal mass, the sensor reacts very quickly to temperature variations, making it perfect for dynamic measurements.
Ni100 Sensors

Weaknesses

  • 🌡️ Limited measurement range
    → The Ni100 is only usable from −60 °C to +180 °C, less suitable for extreme environments.
  • 🧪 Stability lower than platinum
    → Nickel exhibits a slight long-term drift and lower resistance to high-temperature oxidation.
  • 🔧 Less standardized
    → Unlike the Pt100, the Ni100 is not covered by the IEC 60751 standard, which limits compatibility with certain controllers.

Useful information

Here is some useful information regarding Ni100 sensors.

°C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-60 63.04 63.66 64.27 64.89 65.50 66.12 66.73 67.35 67.96 68.58
-50 69.19 69.81 70.42 71.04 71.65 72.27 72.88 73.50 74.12 74.73
-40 75.35 75.96 76.58 77.19 77.81 78.43 79.04 79.66 80.27 80.89
-30 81.51 82.12 82.74 83.35 83.97 84.58 85.20 85.81 86.43 87.05
-20 87.66 88.28 88.89 89.51 90.12 90.74 91.36 91.97 92.59 93.20
-10 93.82 94.43 95.05 95.66 96.28 96.89 97.51 98.12 98.74 99.35
0 100.00 100.62 101.23 101.85 102.46 103.08 103.69 104.31 104.92 105.54
10 106.16 106.77 107.39 108.00 108.62 109.23 109.85 110.46 111.08 111.69
20 112.31 112.92 113.54 114.16 114.77 115.39 116.00 116.62 117.23 117.85
30 118.46 119.08 119.69 120.31 120.92 121.54 122.15 122.77 123.39 124.00
40 124.62 125.23 125.85 126.46 127.08 127.69 128.31 128.93 129.54 130.16
50 130.77 131.39 132.00 132.62 133.24 133.85 134.47 135.08 135.70 136.31
60 136.93 137.54 138.16 138.78 139.39 140.01 140.62 141.24 141.85 142.47
70 143.08 143.70 144.32 144.93 145.55 146.16 146.78 147.40 148.01 148.63
80 149.24 149.86 150.48 151.09 151.71 152.32 152.94 153.56 154.17 154.79
90 155.40 156.02 156.64 157.25 157.87 158.48 159.10 159.72 160.33 160.95
100 161.87 162.49 163.10 163.72 164.34 164.95 165.57 166.18 166.80 167.42
110 168.03 168.65 169.26 169.88 170.50 171.11 171.73 172.34 172.96 173.58
120 174.19 174.81 175.42 176.04 176.66 177.27 177.89 178.50 179.12 179.74
130 180.35 180.97 181.58 182.20 182.82 183.43 184.05 184.66 185.28 185.90
140 186.71 187.33 187.96 188.58 189.20 189.82 190.44 191.07 191.69 192.31
150 192.93 193.55 194.18 194.80 195.42 196.04 196.67 197.29 197.91 198.53
160 199.16 199.78 200.40 201.02 201.65 202.27 202.89 203.51 204.14 204.76
170 205.38 206.00 206.63 207.25 207.87 208.50 209.12 209.74 210.36 210.99
180 211.61










Temperature (°C) Classe B (±°C) Classe A (±°C) 1/3 B (±°C) 1/10 B (±°C)
-60 0.60 0.27 0.20 0.06
-50 0.55 0.25 0.18 0.06
-40 0.50 0.23 0.17 0.05
-30 0.45 0.21 0.15 0.04
-20 0.40 0.19 0.13 0.04
-10 0.35 0.17 0.12 0.04
0 0.30 0.15 0.10 0.03
10 0.35 0.17 0.12 0.04
20 0.40 0.19 0.13 0.04
30 0.45 0.21 0.15 0.05
40 0.50 0.23 0.17 0.05
50 0.55 0.25 0.18 0.06
60 0.60 0.27 0.20 0.06
70 0.65 0.29 0.22 0.07
80 0.70 0.31 0.23 0.07
90 0.75 0.33 0.25 0.08
100 0.80 0.35 0.27 0.08
110 0.85 0.37 0.28 0.09
120 0.90 0.39 0.30 0.09
130 0.95 0.41 0.32 0.10
140 1.00 0.43 0.33 0.10
150 1.05 0.45 0.35 0.11
160 1.10 0.47 0.37 0.11
170 1.15 0.49 0.38 0.12
180 1.20 0.51 0.40 0.12

The Ni100 follows a quadratic relationship between resistance and temperature, described by:

R(T) = R₀ (1 + αT + βT²)

avec :

  • R₀ = 100 Ω

  • α = 6,18 × 10⁻³

  • β = 1,4 × 10⁻⁵

  • (valable entre −60 °C et +180 °C)


🔹 Example 1: calculation of resistance at 100 °C

R(100) = 100 × [1 + 6,18 × 10⁻³ × 100 + 1,4 × 10⁻⁵ × 100²]

R(100) = 100 × (1 + 0,618 + 0,14) = 100 × 1,758 = 175,8 Ω

✅ Result : at 100 °C, the resistance of Ni100 is approximately 175.8 Ω.


🔹 Example 2 : calculating the temperature from a measured resistance

We measure R=140Ω.

What is the corresponding temperature ?

We rearrange the formula :

βT² + αT + (1 − R/R₀) = 0

1,4 × 10⁻⁵ T² + 6,18 × 10⁻³ T + (1 − 140 / 100) = 0

1,4 × 10⁻⁵ T² + 6,18 × 10⁻³ T − 0,4 = 0

T = [−6,18 × 10⁻³ + √((6,18 × 10⁻³)² − 4 × 1,4 × 10⁻⁵ × (−0,4))] / (2 × 1,4 × 10⁻⁵)

T ≈ 61 °C

Result : the corresponding temperature is approximately 61 °C.


🔹 Practical Remarks

  • The Ni100 offers a greater variation in resistance per °C than platinum, which simplifies the R→T conversion.
  • The equation can be implemented directly in a microcontroller without complex functions.
  • Below −60 °C or above +180 °C, the relationship becomes nonlinear → prefer a Pt100.

The Pt200 generates a proportionally higher signal than the Pt100, which allows for reduced excitation current and limits self-heating.

It is perfectly suited for 3 or 4 wire differential configurations.

🔹 Typical assembly components

Component Function
RTD Pt200 (3 or 4 wires)
Sensitive element in pure platinum
Stable current source (~0.3 mA)
Provides a constant current
Instrumentation amplifier (INA333, AD8421)
Amplify the tension from the sensor
High-resolution ADC (≥ 16 bits)
Digitize the voltage for the microcontroller
Microcontroller (STM32, ESP32, Arduino)
Calculate the temperature using Callendar–Van Dusen
Shielded wiring
Reduces electromagnetic noise over long distances
🔹 Functional diagram (ASCII)

+3.3 V / +5 V │ Current source (0.3 mA) │ [ Pt200 ] (2 power wires + 2 measurement wires) │ │ │ │ Amplificateur diff. ───→ ADC haute résolution │ [ Microcontrôleur ] (Calcul T = f(R) + compensation)

🔹 Principe de fonctionnement

1️⃣ Le courant constant traverse le Pt200.

→ À 0 °C : V = 200 Ω × 0,3 mA = 60 mV

→ À 100 °C : V = 277 Ω × 0,3 mA = 83 mV

2️⃣ L’amplificateur différentiel élève le signal (gain ≈ 50 à 100).

→ Sortie typique : 3 à 8 V selon la configuration ADC.

3️⃣ Le microcontrôleur calcule la température via l’équation Callendar–Van Dusen.

🔹 Bonnes pratiques

🧩 Câblage 4 fils recommandé pour éliminer les effets de ligne.

Réduire le courant d’excitation à 0,3 mA max pour éviter la surchauffe.

💧 Utiliser un boîtier hermétique pour protéger le platine en milieu humide.

🔄 Étalonner régulièrement à 0 °C et 100 °C.

🧲 Filtrer l’entrée de l’amplificateur (RC 1 kΩ / 100 nF) pour rejeter le bruit industriel.

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