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 Type S 
 Temperature sensors 

Premium thermocouple offering excellent accuracy and stability for high-temperature measurement up to 1600 °C.

 Maximum precision
+/- 1,0°K

 Minimum temperature
-50°C

 Maximum temperature
+1760°C

 Minimum dimensions
0,5 x 50 x 5

 Response time
Low

 Internal Resistance
High

 Linearity
High

Price
High

What is a Type S thermocouple ?Operating principleTechnical specificationsVoltage / Temperature CurveCompatibility / CompensationApplication areas

What is a Type S thermocouple ?

The type S thermocouple is a very high-precision sensor used in extreme environments and reference laboratories.

Composed of a pure platinum (Pt) wire and a platinum–rhodium (Pt-10%Rh) wire, it offers exceptional thermal stability and remarkable chemical resistance.

It is the preferred thermocouple for scientific, medical, and industrial applications requiring reliable long-term temperature measurement.

Operating principle

Like all thermocouples, type S relies on the Seebeck effect: the junction between two different metals produces a voltage proportional to the temperature difference.

E = S × (T_hot - T_cold)

For type S:

S ≈ 10 µV/°C at 1,000 °C

Its output voltage is almost identical to that of type R, but type S is slightly more chemically stable.

Technical specifications

Parameter
 Typical Value
Measurement range −50 °C → +1 760 °C
Sensitivity 10 µV/°F at 1,000 °C
Tension at 100 °C ≈ 11,35 mV
Tension at 500 °C ≈ 16,73 mV
Tension at 1000 °C ≈ 18,69 mV
Oxidation resistance Excellent
Response time (6 mm diameter sheath) 5 to 10 s
Reference standard IEC 60584-1, ASTM E230

Voltage / Temperature Curve

(Reference: Cold junction at 0 °C — IEC 60584-1 standard)

The type S curve is extremely regular across the entire measurement range.

It is almost identical to that of type R, but with even greater chemical and thermal stability.

📈 General behavior:

  • From 0 to 1,760 °C → increasing voltage (~0 to +18.7 mV)
  • Average slope: ≈ 10 µV/°C at 1,000 °C
  • Drift is nearly zero even after several hundred hours of use

💡 Type S is often chosen as the primary calibration thermocouple in national laboratories.

Compatibility / Compensation

The S type requires a cold weld compensation, typically integrated into precision measurement systems.

It is compatible with professional instruments (AD8495-S, MAX31855-S, LTC2983) and calibration standards.

Its exceptional stability makes it ideal for reference measurements, furnace controls, or high-temperature metrology.

Application areas

🔬 Reference and Metrology Laboratories

🧱 Glass, Ceramics, and Metal Melting Industry

🧪 High-Precision Chemical and Thermal Analysis

⚙️ Medical Equipment and Scientific Research





Should I choose a Type S thermocouple?

Strengths points

  • ⚗️ Absolute reference sensor
         → Employed in metrology laboratories and calibration chains, he ensures exceptional reproducibility.
  • 🔥 Exceptional heat resistance→ It withstands temperatures exceeding 1,700 °C without significant drift — ideal for melting furnaces.
  • 🧱 Noble and stable chemistry
         → Platinum and rhodium provide almost total immunity to oxidation and corrosion.
Type S Thermocouple sensors

Weaknesses points

  • 💸 Significant investment
         → Its very high cost limits it to scientific and critical uses, not to regular production.
  • 🐢 Slow response
         → The ceramic or alumina sheath provides good protection but significantly slows down the thermal response.
  • 📉 Weak signal
         → The generated tension remains modest, requiring a very precise differential amplifier.

Useful information

Here is some useful information regarding Type S thermocouples.

(Reference: cold junction at 0 °C — IEC 60584-1 standard)
Temperature (°C) Tension (mV) Temperature (°C) Tension (mV)
0 0,000 1 200 12,016
200 1,426 1 400 14,308
400 3,138 1 500 15,287
600 4,913 1 600 16,276
800 6,761 1 700 17,194
1 000 8,585 1 760 17,690
💡 The S type maintains remarkable accuracy across its entire range of use, even after numerous thermal cycles.
Class Tolerance (K) Usage area
 Description
Class 1 ±1,0 K ou ±0,25 % 0 → +1 600 °C High precision
Class 2 ±1,5 K ou ±0,5 % 0 → +1 600 °C Industrial standard
Class 3 — Not applicable No class 3 for type S

🔹 Even class 2 ensures an accuracy of the order of one-tenth of a degree at high temperature.

Example 1 – Calculation of the generated voltage

Measured temperature: 1,200 °C

Cold weld: 0 °C

E = 12,016 mV

Cold welding at 25 °C → correction voltage ≈ 0.15 mV :

E_measured = 12,016 - 0,15 = 11,866 mV

✅ Actual voltage ≈ 11.87 mV


Example 2 – Calculating temperature from a measured voltage

Measured voltage: 16.276 mV (cold joint at 0 °C)

→ By consulting the IEC table:

T=1600°C

✅ Measured temperature ≈ 1,600 °C

The type S thermocouple generates a low voltage and requires highly stable and precise reading electronics.

🔹 Typical components

Component
 Function
Thermocouple type S (Pt10Rh / Pt) Generate the Seebeck voltage
Differential amplifier (INA333, AD8495-S)
 Amplify the signal µV → V
Compensation sensor (NTC or integrated)
 Correct the temperature of the cold weld
ADC 24 bits Convert the amplified voltage
Microcontroller / Calibration System
 Calculate the temperature according to the IEC table
🔹 Functional diagram (ASCII)
[HOT JUNCTION]──(Thermocouple S)──[AMPLIFIER]──[ADC]──[µCONTROLLER]
                                      │
                                      └──(Compensation sensor)
💡 Type S is used in analytical furnaces, national laboratories, and applications where precision allows for no approximation.

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