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10KΩ temperature sensors

 10KΩ 
 Temperature sensors 

Pt10 temperature sensors provide accurate and reliable temperature measurement for industrial applications requiring low nominal resistance.

Maximum precision

±0.1°K

Minimum temperature

-55°C

Maximum temperature

+150°C

Minimum dimensions

2x10

Response time

Fast

Self-warming

Weak

Price

Weak

Drift

Weak

The NTC 10 kΩ is the standard thermistor on the market, offering an excellent balance between cost, sensitivity, and stability.

With a nominal resistance of 10,000 Ω at 25 °C, it is compatible with most control boards, thermostats, HVAC systems, and Arduino/ESP32 modules.

The resistance varies exponentially with temperature:

R(T) = R₂₅ · e^(β(1/T − 1/T₂₅))

where:

R₂₅ = 10 000 Ω 

β ≈ 3950 K 

T en kelvins

This variation is measured by a microcontroller via a voltage divider, then converted to °C using a table or the Steinhart–Hart equation.

Parameter Typical value
Nominal resistance (25 °C) 10 000 Ω ±1 %
Constant β 3435–3950 K
Sensitive material Metallic oxide (Mn, Ni, Co)
Type of case Epoxy / glass / ceramic
Maximum measurement current 0.1 to 0.3 mA
Response time 0.2 to 1 s
Usage area −55 → +150 °C
Lifetime 100,000 thermal cycles

Used in 2-wire configuration, the NTC 10 kΩ is often integrated into a voltage divider for reading by an ADC (microcontroller).

 +Vcc
   │
  [Rfixe]
   │────► ADC (µC)
  [NTC 10kΩ]
   │
  GND

The current being very low (≈ 0.1 mA), the power dissipated remains negligible, ensuring a reliable measurement without thermal correction.

🌡️ HVAC systems and smart thermostats

⚙️ Industrial control electronic boards

💧 Water/air immersion probes

🧠 Low-power IoT sensors

🩺 Medical and biomedical devices

🔋 Thermal compensation in batteries and power supplies

10kΩ sensors

Should I choose a 10KΩ sensor?

Here are 3 strengths and 3 weaknesses to help you make your choice.

Strengths

  • 🌍 Universal standard
         → The NTC 10 kΩ is the most widely used in the world: compatible with the majority of boards, probes, thermostats, and controllers on the market (HVAC, Arduino, ESP, STM32…).
  • 🎯 Excellent accuracy around 25 °C→ With a typical error of ±0.1 K and very good stability, it offers proven reliability for comfort and process measurements.
  • 💸 Unbeatable performance/price ratio
         → Easy to integrate, low cost, robust — the 10 kΩ remains the best choice for most thermal applications.
10kΩ sensors

Weak points

  • 📉 Natural non-linearity
    → Like any NTC, it requires digital processing (β formula or lookup table) to provide an accurate temperature.
  • Lower sensitivity to high temperature
         → Beyond 100 °C, the resistance variation becomes small, reducing measurement resolution.
  • 🔋 Possible self-heating in direct current
         → In the case of continuous measurement or under high voltage, a self-drift of a few hundredths of a degree may occur.

Useful information

Here is some useful information regarding the 10KΩ sensors.

(NTC 10 kΩ at 25 °C, beta constant = 3950 K)

Temperature (°C) Resistance (Ω) Temperature (°C) Resistance (Ω)
−50 249 418 60 2 932
−40 158 034 70 2 206
−30 101 689 80 1 689
−20 67 082 90 1 302
−10 44 840 100 1 010
0 30 460 110 782
10 20 950 120 631
20 14 740 130 503
25 10 000 140 403
30 6 863 150 324
40 4 762 160 262
50 3 364 170 213

💡 Entre 0 °C et 100 °C, la résistance chute d’un facteur ≈ 30 — typique d’une NTC 10 kΩ avec β ≈ 3950 K.

Class / Tolerance
 Tolerance at 25 °C (R25)
 Max error on T° (−40 → +125 °C)
 Typical usage
±0,5 % ±50 Ω ±0,05 K Metrological and Medical Studies
±1 % ±100 Ω ±0,1 K Precision measurement and HVAC control
±2 % ±200 Ω ±0,2 K Industrial applications
±3 % ±300 Ω ±0,5 K Consumer / IoT / mass-produced electronics
🔹 The glass encapsulated models (bead type) ensure excellent long-term stability (< 0.05 K/year).


Equation:

1/T = A + B · ln(R) + C · [ln(R)]³

Typical coefficients for NTC 10 kΩ β = 3950 K:

  • A = 1.4051 × 10⁻³
  • B = 2.369 × 10⁻⁴
  • C = 1.019 × 10⁻⁷


🔹 Example 1: Temperature from R

R = 6,863 Ω

ln(6863) = 8,83

1/T = 1,4051e−3 + 2,369e−4 (8,83) + 1,019e−7 (8,83)³ = 3,03e−3

T = 1 / 3,03e−3 = 329,7 K = 56,5 °C

✅ Measured temperature: ≈ 56 °C


🔹 Example 2: Resistance from T

T = 80 °C = 353.15 K

R = R₂₅ · e^(β(1/T − 1/T₂₅))

R = 10000 · e^(3950 × (1/353,15 − 1/298,15)) = 1689 Ω

✅ Expected resistance: ≈ 1.69 kΩ

The NTC 10 kΩ is the absolute standard in temperature measurement circuits.

It connects directly to a microcontroller (ADC) via a voltage divider.

🔹 Typical components

Component
 Function
NTC 10 kΩ
 Temperature sensor
R fixed (10 kΩ)
 Reference resistance
Microcontroller
 Lecture ADC / temperature conversion
100 nF capacitor
 Filtering
Power Supply 3.3 / 5 V
 Tension stable
🔹 Functional diagram (ASCII) 
  +3.3V / +5V
       │
     [Rfixe]
       │────► ADC (microcontroller input)
     [NTC 10kΩ]
       │
      GND

💡 The measured voltage is proportional to the temperature according to the calibration curve.

A simple calculation using Steinhart–Hart allows for obtaining T(°C) with an accuracy of ±0.1 K.

NTC 10 kΩ sensors are among the most versatile, used for their accuracy and compatibility with many measurement systems.


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